The New York And Chicago - 1073 Words

Recession was a great nightmare for recession brought with it multiple ideals of a troubled economy with regards to the community sufficiently offering services to the public. Cities across the United States have faced the toughest times in recent years with regards to healthcare service provision which has equally lead to closure of several hospitals. Focus for paper will reflect on the situation in the cities of Philadelphia, New York and Chicago; an look into the economic impact of the closure of the hospitals will be expounded upon in-depth as to establish an economic inference reference point economic levels in the said cities. The effect of tough economic times for the United States is evident in the closures of hospitals with some speculating that the facilities have fallen deep into debt as well as the situation is at the tipping point of getting worse in the near future with some cities even going to the extent of invoking the ideals of Chapter 9 bankruptcy (Dixon, Robertson , Appleby, John , Burge , Delvin , 2011). The outline of this paper will be build upon analysis of individual hospital cases in the respective mentioned cities. The analysis will be founded on a critical point of view so as to culminate into a comprehensive economic analysis, together with the impact of the closure of city funded hospitals in the United States of America. The analysis on the impact will be narrowed particularly to the local communities. From the offset, what are left behind areShow MoreRelatedNew York, Los Angeles And Chicago3008 Words   |  13 Pagesdiscussion, we will be limited to three Cities i.e. New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. In the 3 cities we shall broadly discuss the growing up experience in each of the 3 states, strategic features and their staple foods. Finally, the New South Wales in Australia and London in UK would also be looked at. Lenape, an Algonquin who were hunters, fishers and farmers were the first natives of New York. As a result when you meet people from New York interrogate them immediately on where exact they livedRead MoreK J, Chicago, York City, New Jersey, Washington, D.c, And Detroit Essay935 Words   |  4 Pages K J Name: KJ Location: Philadelphia-based, with locations in New York City, New Jersey, Washington, D.C. and Detroit Description of Services: KJ, based in Philadelphia, was founded by John and Khalifa in 2010. ?KJ ?produces and supplies hardware and building supplies. We provide and sell a wide range of hardware products and home improvement appliances such as tools, home decor, electrical appliances, lumber, plumbing and more. John and Khalifa completed their undergraduate ?in theRead MoreRelationship Between White And White Populations1263 Words   |  6 PagesAs the three largest cities in the United States, New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago are also epicenters of precipitous segregation. Even with the passage of federal law to curtail segregation and promote more integrated communities, conditions have only improved minimally – if at all – between 1980 and 2000. In New York, the indices of dissimilarity between different races have remained constant over this time period. Between white and black populations, for example, the index of dissimilarityRead MoreKatherine Dunham: Activist, Anthropologist, Dancer1081 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical and social activist. Dunham was born in Chicago, Illinois and primarily raised in nearby Joliet, Illinois. Dunham first became interested in dance when she was a teenager and trained with Ludmilla Speranzeva, formerly of the Moscow Theatre, Vera Mirova, Mark Turbyfill and Ruth Page in Chicago before and during her college education. She even started her own private dance school, Ballet Nà ©gre, in 1930, while at the University of Chicago where she first began to cultivate her own techniqueRead MoreApplication Of Teaching And Curriculum Essay771 Words   |  4 Pagesand writing guided the development of many educational programs making it possible for teachers to have all students learn well. Bloom s co ntributions to education began during his years in the Office of the Board of Examiners at the University of Chicago, where he worked from 1940 to 1959. Much of his work at this time focused on the relationships among methods of instruction, educational results, and measurement of those results. This work led to his first book in 1950 and eventually to the workRead MoreEssay On Random People For Directions1099 Words   |  5 PagesFor Directions New York is the ‘First City’ and Chicago is the ‘Second City’, and although Chicago is similar to New York, it is NOT New York. Therefore, people in Chicago are generally a bit nicer than people in New York and will help you with directions if you get lost. Getting around New York is complex like an abstract painting, very difficult to navigate, and people are generally extremely rude and do not want to help you, including police officers and local shop owners. Chicago is not reallyRead MoreOrganization Structure of the Gang Latin Kings1488 Words   |  6 Pages The Latin Kings organization was founded in Chicago, Illinois, in 1940 after a number of Puerto Rican men and later Mexican men organized themselves into a group that was meant to protect their communities. However, this group, that was meant to protect Latino immigrants against racism and oppression, grew over the years and turned into one of the largest criminal gangs in America. From 1970 the Latin Kings started to commit a large number of crimes: murder, drug trafficking, robberies etc. SinceRead MoreProstitution And Women s Rights Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution and Women Rights in Chicago. This research paper discusses social issues related to prostitution in Chicago, a city along route 66 and is divided into four sections. In the first section, definition of prostitution is discussed. Also different forms of prostitution are listed. It should be clearly stated there s no one accepted definition of prostitution. The term prostitution is controversial. Sociologists are still debating on how prostitution should be defined. Moreover, prostitutionRead MoreThe Infamous Gangster: Al Capone795 Words   |  3 Pagesmother, Teresina, immigrated from Italy to New York where Al Capone grew up poor. He ended up quitting school and worked in a bowling alley. Al Capone grew up in a bad neighborhood and ended up being a gangster at the age of eight-teen. He then made some choices based on what his gang leader told him. Al Capone had a leading role in the illegal activities occurring in Chicago which gave a sense of a lawless city. He dominated organized crime in the Chicago area fro m 1925 until 1931. Prohibition ledRead MoreHousing Policies By Max Page And Ellen Pader1422 Words   |  6 Pagesat two different examples of the way the US’s housing policies have had a major impact on our society. Page examined the tearing down of the slums in New York City. The government claimed that the buildings were old and unsafe, and thus needed to be demolished. Pader looked at eviction of ethnic groups, particularly Latinos, from their homes in Chicago. The rational for the evictions was that there were too many people occupying one space. This was unhealthy, and thus whole families lost their homes

Evaluation of Banks Using Porters 5 Forces free essay sample

This report will investigate how Porter’s five forces might be used to evaluate the future potential of modern banks, such as Tesco Bank and Virgin Money. This question has occurred through recent research into market structure and has highlighted its significance in the current market place by introducing more competition to traditional banks, supermarkets and other businesses. However, this also gives customers more choice in today’s climate, where in some cases banks have lost customers’ trust. Porter makes clear that when there is competition in the market place, every business should have a strategic plan so they are able to manage the competition. The plan should include the additional four factors; customers, suppliers, potential entrants and substitute products. These factors will form the â€Å"competitive interaction within an industry† (Porter, 2008:3-8) and will ultimately give an insight into how successful these new banks could be. Barriers to entering the banking industry include regulators such as the Financial Services Authority. Banks have a number of regulations they have to meet in order to get a banking licence. This takes a lengthy period of time to comply to prove â€Å"that they have the integrity, financial and managerial resources necessary to run a bank, that they are worthy of the trust that people expect to be able to place in the bank that holds their deposits and in many cases, their life savings† (Buckle Thomson, year:page no). The UK financial system: theory and practice By Mike Buckle, John L. Thompson) Thus it is very costly. Likewise this is not the only cost, when banks start-up they need a wide range of specialist contractors, buildings, and I. T. For example Tesco Bank recently built a new building in Glasgow creating 200 new jobs, thus it is pricey. However unlike some â€Å"barriers such as asset specificity† (Wengler, 2006:176) banks tend not to have this problem because although the buildings are costly and they have a lot of highly specialised I. T, it can be turned into another asset, so if you are an established firm like Tesco that could put these assets to other use, this is an attractive opportunity. To conclude, the set up costs of setting up a bank are enormous, therefore the chance of new banks entering the market is low, unless they are an already accomplished business with the finance to support them. There three factors that make suppliers powerful are â€Å"demand for suppliers products-more demands drives the price of supplies up in a market based system†. Secondly â€Å"whether quality and performance of nputs are differentiated-greater uniqueness of an input allows a higher price to be charged and decreases the ability of clients in firms in the industry to switch easily between suppliers† and finally â€Å"the ability of the industry to vertically integrate† because this would mean owning your own supply method, cutting the costs (Ahlstrom Bruton, 2009: page no). Every industry requires suppliers and in banks they would supply I. T-computers, printers, telephony equipment and software. They would also need supplies of stationary-paper, pens etc. For example the Glasgow and Newcastle insurance and banking customer services in Tesco Bank signed a deal with Cable and Wireless for their managed data centres and hosted telephony (King, 2010). Kurtz, MacKenzie Snow (2009:57) use Porters idea that â€Å"the number of available suppliers to a manufacturer or retailer affects their bargaining power. † Cousins (1999:112) states that â€Å"and due to the decision of the OFTEL regulator in July 1999 to remove this monopoly will benefit the consumer by allowing the access of new broadband technologies to his home†. Although the service is for businesses instead of homes, there are now many competitors in the cable industry, so the suppliers do not have as much power. However, in products like software, because of the specialist, patented, technology that has developed, they can charge high prices. Nevertheless in Tesco Finance they have managed to take control over some software suppliers because they are a reputable company and suppliers want to be associated with them. This leads on to the factor buyer power. Tesco are a great example of having high buyer power through a whole range of strengths. Their brand identity gives them bargaining leverage when they need supplies. Suppliers would find Tesco or Virgin Money attractive to supply for because they own a large per cent of the market share in their industries, Tesco dominating with 30. 4%. By supplying to a market leader, it could open doors to other contacts who want to use their product, and because Tesco supermarket has already proven their successfulness, it would be true to say that the bank will expand too. This gives the chance to supplier to supply more to Tesco as the company grows, increasing their profits. Moreover they have the power of economies of scale. The Tesco business model states that â€Å"to continually increase the size of its operations, realise greater economies of scale and reflect them back into lower prices and or higher quality to generate greater sales and more economies of scale† (Reading, 2004:page no). The banks ‘father’-( Tesco supermarket) already has economies of scale and this had been passed onto the bank by arranging cheaper deals with existing suppliers, ultimately having more machinery and software will allow more sales to be made and increasing their revenue further. Thus, it becomes a want to supply for Tesco Bank, leaving the bank with all the power to bargain for lower prices. In nearly all industries there are substitutes for each product, giving consumers the option to swap to the substitute if their original choice becomes more expensive. â€Å"The threat of substitutes is there for an important market force setting limits upon the prices that firms are able to charge† (Davies Lam, 2001:228). There are three factors that determine how well a business could do. Firstly, is the relative price performance of substitutes. This is where there are two products which are nearly identical however, one is cheaper than the other and that is the product which consumers would usually swap also. However, in the case of banks the cheaper option is not always the best option and can be illegal. People who struggle to get loans from banks are more likely to go to a loan shark because they know they can get money easily without the lengthy credit history checks. Additionally, another substitute for a bank could be a credit union which is a â€Å"cooperative depository financial institution whose members can obtain loans from their combined savings†. This is more expected in the current climate where there has been trust lost in banks, when they lost customers money and also because it is a non-profit organisation, it works out cheaper for the consumer. Secondly, are the switching costs for customers. Today, investors who would have usually used banks to invest their money might now switch to other substitute methods of getting return. For example they might invest in stock or buy gold. Finally, is the ‘buyer’s propensity to substitute’. If consumers are less inclined to find other substitutes then it shows they are happy enough with the product they consume. In conclusion regarding to the threat of substitutes, because there are so many people unemployed and desperate, they will result to borrowing from loan sharks instead of using banks which will have a negative impact on the banks. The final point of Porter’s five forces is ‘the degree of rivalry. The basic economics 101 class states that â€Å"more competitors and rivals competing against each other will put a downward pressure on the price increases and their profit† (Desmond, 2004:32). Rivalry can be influenced my many factors, one being the industry concentration. Currently there is a high concentration in the banking industry, but low competition. This is due to the fact that there is little room for growth, so it is difficult for banks to grow profits. This has resulted in them merging with other banks to increase their market share. It also has other benefits â€Å"when banks merge they can spread fixed costs associated with technology, operating infrastructure, online services and so on† (Maharaj, 2005:20). An example of this would be the Lloyds TSB and HBOS merger in 2008 and ‘combined they had over a quarter of the UK mortgage market and a large chunk of the personal banking and business baking markets’. The government however, are now making banks sell parts of their business to increase the competition and new banks like Virgin and Tesco will be welcomed not only to the government but also to customers because prices will become more competitive. Another element is ‘product differences’. Banking products are very similar however, there is opportunity for new banks to introduce slightly differentiated products. For example, Tesco Bank is offering the incentive of gaining club card points to any customer who uses their bank ‘Credit card holders are currently getting a great deal from exclusive special offers such as: Earn Clubcard points’. And Virgin Money offer discounts on nearly all their other services like 10% off virgin holidays. Moreover, the factor of corporate stakes in this case gives new bank entrants a lot of financial power. Tesco now completely own the entire of Tesco bank after buying the other half of it off the Royal Bank of Scotland and because Tesco are already so successful they have a lot of financial power backing them. In conclusion, this report has investigated how might Porter’s five forces can be used to evaluate the future potential of modern banks, such as Tesco Bank and Virgin Money. This question had occurred through recent research into ‘market structure’ and has highlighted how successful these new, upcoming should be. Although, it is a hard market to enter due to high barriers to entry because of regulations and high set up costs, they have already broke into the market and the threat of more new banks entering are slim, even though the government want more. They also have control of suppliers because of the already existing supermarket, brand name and economies of scale, which cuts their costs and gives them an advantage over other banks. Additionally, there is a degree of rivalry between banks at the moment but it seems newer banks have an advantage because they can offer incentives like ‘club card points’ that other banks cannot offer and with banks like RBS losing customers trust, they might want to try the new banks. However, because of the conditions of the current economic climate and the millions of unemployed, substitutes like loan sharks or credit unions could steal potential customers from them. Ultimately, they should do well.

What Everyone Is Saying About Persuasive Essay Prompts and Samples and What You Should be Doing

What Everyone Is Saying About Persuasive Essay Prompts and Samples and What You Should be Doing You may restrict your idea and discover out that it's somehow much like the other prompts. Your state will provide an award to the finest elementary school teacher. Anyone can choose the benefit of the option to create a personal college list and to find out more about various application sections. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you find yourself getting an excellent grade. Select the incorrect endeavor and you'll have a difficult time motivating your children to write. A minumum of one parent should work at home. Suppose you need a pet, and your parents aren't sure you need to have one. Persuade your parents to allow you to receive a pet. High school students ought to be required to do community services. The dearth of healthy and tasty school lunch selections has lately come to be a problem in practically every elementary middle and higher school around the country. Everybody should have to exercise each day. Snow days are excellent for family quality time. The Hidden Treasure of Persuasive Essay Prompts and Samples Some schools in the USA are requiring that students volunteer for a number of hours each semester to aid on a community issue. Think of one school rule which you really dislike. Your orders will be done exactly as you desire. The school day needs to be shorter. Recycling should be mandatory for everybody. Directions for Writing Think about the significance of experiencing a mobile phone. Cell phones should not ever be used while driving. You will get unique texts, which will be finished in time. Following that, you will analyze that content to determine what aspects ensure it is perfect. Should you do, each chapter will end the way that you want. Connects ideas in a 3 paragraph narrative utilizing transition words also. The question could be part of your introduction, or it may make a terrific title. Main point is the crux of the entire writing and something which you're going to convince your readers in. If you can select the matter by yourself, it's possible to produce the issue of interest! Think of some reasons to back up your opinion. In precisely the same purchase form, you will supply your name, email, and contact form. Now write to persuade your parents to buy you a mobile phone or maybe to permit you to keep the cell phone you presently have. We're all full of interesting info and hungry to discover more. Even then you're unable to discover the informative and accurate info. Teens also have far more accidents. Imagine your school does not own a school newspaper. The secret is to create persuasive essat topics that students will really wish to write about. Think of one thing you're expected to learn in school that you don't think ought to be included in the curriculum. Nonetheless, it's also about broadening your horizons. Your principal is attempting to determine which teacher is going to be nominated from your school. The simplest approach to compose a great persuasive essay is to chose a topic you're confident in. An argumentative paper is part of the persuasion. As soon as you select the correct undertaking or prompt, it's simple to acquire students to organize their thoughts and set them on paper. Looking at pictures with writing prompts, rather than simply seeing a sentence, will be able to help you create your arguments and ideas if you're a visual learner. The Fundamentals of Persuasive Essay Prompts and Samples That You Can Learn From Starting Today Directions for Writing Before you start writing, think of why it is your preferred store. PaperCoach can assist you with all your papers, so take a look at the moment! You learn to compose papers. SATs ought to be eliminated. School tests aren't powerful. Driving tests ought to be mandatory every year after you're 65 years old.

Research Paper Topics on the Origin of Species

Research Paper Topics on the Origin of SpeciesThe topics for your research paper will depend on what it is you're researching. While this article focuses primarily on the biology of the origin of species, there are many topics that can be used to conduct research and make a strong argument in favor of a particular theory.As the name implies, research paper topics related to the origin of species could range from the fossil record and evolution, but there are plenty of other topics that you could address. Fossils offer an excellent starting point, but these are often not particularly informative. Evolution is another key point to research and use in your research paper.While both fossils and evolution are useful research topics to consider, neither one is always definitive. When looking at the fossil record, you may want to consider studying the fossilized remains of animals.You'll find that when reviewing fossil records, you'll also see that the majority of the fossils are only parti ally complete. This provides you with some interesting evidence and facts to include in your research paper.Evolution is a rather controversial topic, and there are many researchers who argue that the fossils should not be considered to be definitive proof of evolution. In your research paper, you'll find that the consensus amongst evolutionary biologists is that the fossils prove evolution, but that the fossils are very limited and generally incomplete. Evolutionists view the fossils as additional evidence, rather than a definitive proof.On the other hand, evolutionary biologists believe that the fossils are simply not sufficient. The lack of fossils and an incomplete fossil record is not enough to make them conclude that evolution has occurred.In order to get a good grasp on the options available when researching research paper topics on the origin of species, consider carefully what you're researching. From a purely research perspective, evolution is the most commonly used resear ch topic, but there are many other important topics that you may want to consider, including the fossil record, the Cambrian explosion, speciation, and niche construction.As a student, you need to choose topics based on what it is you're researching, and then take those topics to your research paper. A good research paper will give you the information you need to make a strong argument.

How to Write an Essay Thats Done in Time

How to Write an Essay That's Done in TimeIn my experience, when I am asked to write an essay for an essay writing course, it is usually because the student wants to write an essay that is not only interesting, but will also have been completed in less than a day. Sometimes, the student who is being asked to write the essay is just curious about how one can do this. In all honesty, there are a few tips to writing a useful essay that is completed in a short period of time.First, be prepared. If you are going to be doing this, then it might be a good idea to have a notebook, pen and paper as well as a computer. This allows for quick and easy rewrites if the student forgets or accidentally changes something.Keep all the information you need available. This will help when rewording things or using a different perspective. If you don't have this available, then you may have to get the information at the last minute.The majority of the students that are asked to write an essay for an essay writing course are interested in having their essays written quickly. In order to accomplish this, be sure to use the rule of thumb that one should never write too much. If you need to include several ideas, make sure you allow for plenty of time to go over these ideas.It is recommended that all of the essay you write be well organized. You may have to make some changes if you feel that it will be more efficient to make the changes on the fly instead of worrying about how everything fits together. Be sure to keep a notebook with you so that you can note any changes in your notes that are necessary.The last tip in regards to writing an essay that is finished in time is to make a checklist of anything that you think needs to be done. When you have the list all together, you can review it often so that you do not forget to do any parts of the task that you need to. This allows you to write the essay in a timely manner so that it can be submitted to the university for consideration for a scholarship.Writing an essay can be an enjoyable experience for both the student and the instructor. It is important to remember that no matter how many hours you spend writing, the fact that you have written an essay is a testament to your ability as a writer.

Research Supported Arugment Essay - How to Write Good Research Supported Arugment Essay

Research Supported Arugment Essay - How to Write Good Research Supported Arugment EssayWhile there are many different types of tests that you can take to see if you have what it takes to be a doctor, sample research supported argument essay is not one of them. While some individuals prefer to be able to focus solely on research, I know that most individuals would much rather be able to read and write. Many individuals want to be able to write a thesis or theses without having to make much of an effort or by doing something out of the ordinary. If you have been feeling a bit lost with all of your possible options when it comes to taking a test, there are a few things that you can do that will help you out a great deal.While you may not have taken any kind of argument essay before, you should make sure that you choose one that is going to help you a great deal in getting your doctorate degree. You need to know that the professor or advisor is going to be very impressed with your writin g. It is important that you know that they are going to be impressed with your writing. The reason for this is because they will be very likely to like the way that you can get your point across in your research supported argument essay.In addition to this, you will need to find an argument essay that is going to be given out in different types of classes. As you go about choosing your essay, you should make sure that you know what is expected. Many professors and instructors have different requirements. While some have no requirements at all, other people expect their students to take a certain amount of time to do research supporting the topic of the class.Because of this, you will want to look at samples of support argument essay that are given out in the different classes that you want to take. You will also want to make sure that you are looking at the different levels of paper that is given out by the instructor. You may find that it is going to be difficult for you to write a n argument essay if it is not given out in the different types of classes that you take. Make sure that you are ready to have a great experience while taking this type of study.When you are looking for research supported argument essay, you will need to find one that is very well written. You are going to need to choose one that has lots of information in it. You will need to read through your essay and make sure that it is as informative as possible. When you do, you will be able to write a very strong research supported argument essay. You may find that you don't want to do this if you don't feel that you are capable of writing a well written research supported argument essay.You should find one that is offered in different types of courses. You will find that you have to make sure that you do as much research as possible to prepare for your argument essay. You should also make sure that you are going to be able to read and write at the same time. This is important because you wil l need to be able to work on your research supporting argument essay while doing as much reading as possible. This is so that you will be able to come up with ideas that will help you be able to write a well-researched argument essay.When you take a few minutes and give your brain a break, you will be able to think more clearly. When you are able to think clearer, you will be able to formulate better ideas and arguments. You will also be able to help yourself develop better strategies and plans for things that you will encounter when you are taking a doctorate course. By making sure that you are giving your brain a break, you will be able to do just that.

Miss Havisham as a Mysterious and Complex Presence Essay Example

Miss Havisham as a Mysterious and Complex Presence Paper The novel Is written retrospectively using first person narration. This gives the reader the impression that they are part of an intimate and confessional storytelling. Pip first meets Miss Having when he is summoned to play with her adopted daughter Estella. Stats house is set in a very upper class area but is very run down, the windows and doors are barred and locked, to keep people in as well as out. Its gothic architecture adds to the dark and brooding Image of the house and its occupant. The readers first Introduction to Miss Having occurs when Pip enters her room which is gloomy and 11th only by candlelight. She Is dressed In rich materials. Silks, satins and ace, all in white which has now yellowed and shabby with age very similar to her jaundiced attitude towards men. She continued to wear her veil, a pagan representation of virginity and dried and decayed flowers in her hair. In contrast she wears shining jewels around her hands and neck. He observes that the dress that she Is wearing had been put on the figure of a young woman and the carcass on which It now hangs had shrunk to skin and bone. The gloomy and decaying theme continues throughout PIPs encounters with MISS Having. We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Havisham as a Mysterious and Complex Presence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Havisham as a Mysterious and Complex Presence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Havisham as a Mysterious and Complex Presence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Dickens uses words Like faded, no brightness, like black fungus and the daylight was completely excluded to relate the atmosphere of both the house and its inhabitant. As he walks towards her he notices that all the clocks have stopped at twenty minutes to nine and she says: Look at me, you are not afraid of a woman who has not seen the sun since you were born? again emphasizing the dark aura surrounding her. Dickens uses a great deal of figurative language In the novel relating to death and decay, especially in his description of MISS Having. She openly speaks of having her heart broken. Pip notices that it is as if she has stopped living and that her life as she knew it had need once her engagement was broken. It is as if she is permanently stuck in the past and cannot or will not move forward. She literally did not see the light of day from this point. We learn later that her fiance © Composers abandoned her on her wedding morning at this exact time. Pip describes Miss Hafniums appearance when he first meets her as the strangest lady I have ever seen. He Is anxious, scared and confused and his childlike use of vivid imagery conjures up a vision of a macabre and decrepit old woman. He likens her to a ghastly waxwork he saw at a fair and also to skeleton he once saw in a church. Pips description of her represents two stages where in effect life has stopped. Here Dickens appears to suggest that although Miss Having has succeeded in stopping her own advancement when she received the letter, namely ten malting AT ten clocks, ten continual wearing AT nerd waling clothes and the wedding cake decaying on the table, she is unable to stop the passage of time, and prevent her body deteriorating. Pip notes So she sat corpse like. Another reference to death, not only physical, but that of love dying. Miss Having was bought up by her father with no maternal influence. This may explain her difficulty to bestow love on Pip and Estella and the harsh way in which she treats them. She had been badly treated by men throughout her life, her father who spoiled her and denied her nothing, ensuring that she does not have the usual boundaries of childhood, and her fiance © and half brother, the former who courted and finally Jilted her and who along with the latter swindled her out of a fortune. She is obsessive in her attempt to get revenge on Composers and in all men in general. During the Victorian era there was a great divide between rich and poor and social class was very important. Pip came from the working class and as such was not highly educated. He feels embarrassed about his social status and when Estelle mocks him for being a common labouringly boy with course hands, Miss Having does nothing to chastise her, in fact she seems to revel in his discomfiture. Miss Having taunts Pip with Estella beauty and finds a perverse pleasure in encouraging Estella to break his (and other mens) hearts. This is Just the beginning of her cruelties to Estella and Pip. Throughout the novel she tampers with their lives. She pretends that it was her who was Pips benefactress, and she is controlling from the very start, for instance when Pip comes to play at Stats House; she mutters witch-like incantations at him: Play, play, play And love her, love her, love her Pip falls madly in love with Estella, something that Miss Having in her warped frame of mind, enjoys. She relishes the fact that Pip has fallen for Estella and is enjoying seeing some-one love another person so strongly only to have their heart broken as she had many years before. Dickens makes a very interesting comparison between Miss Having and the convict Magnetic, who it turns out is Estella father, in that they were both cheated by Composers. However, there is a stark contrast in their chose n methods of revenge. She chooses to become manipulative and evil towards Pip and Estella. Whereas Magnetic remembers Pips kindness and chooses to be benevolent towards Pip in order to ease him towards the position of a gentleman. Dickens uses clever reference to color throughout his description of Miss Having. The white of her clothes, which represents purity along with the yellow of decay. When Miss Having is burning from setting her clothes on fire, the red of the flames could be seen as a representation of love. It is interesting that earlier in the text she is referred to as the witch of the place and that the conflagration could be likened to a witch being burned at the stake. The reader can recognize the comparison between her being aflame and the emotion of love which can be said to be a burning desire. This is the last reference to her being a witch-like figure in the story, and in ways can be seen to be her being cleansed by fire, a biblical reference. On Pips last visit to Cats, he is no longer a young boy, he is an adult and has a different perspective of the world. He is older and wiser and the roles of he and Miss Having have reversed. He has come to ask a favor of her, namely to borrow some money, rather than when he was young and she always asked things of him. Interestingly although she asked things of him, it was always in a demanding way and she had to be in control. However now seen Is Digging Nils Eternalness. seen reels Tanat cannot Torture nerd UT t D I Is more important to her that Pip does. Dickens ensures that the reader considers whether Miss Hafniums fate was deserved. She was indeed cruel to both Pip and Estella, however she had led a very sad and unfulfilled life and her life ended in a very cruel ay. She did in the end appear to find a friend in Pip and begs his forgiveness for her maltreatment of him. Pip like a true gentleman does in fact forgive her before she dies. A mind mortally hurt and diseased this is perhaps the most significant quote in the novel. It articulates the vital complexity of her character, describing her as a victim who became an antagonist as a consequence of her maltreatment during childhood by her father, and during womanhood by Composers. Miss Having is presented as a mysterious presence by primarily not being revealed until late in the book. However, her obsession with revenge and her likeness to a witch also are contributory factors, and conjure images and perceptions in the readers head of what Miss Having is really like and her appearance. Once revealed, she is still retains a mysterious presence especially when she is killed by being set alight a witch-like way to die, and in her time of dying she finally apologizes to Pip and Estella for all the wrong she has done to them. Bibliography Dickens, C. (1860) Great Expectations. Hawse, D (2007) Charles Dickens. London: Continuum Davis, P. (1999) Charles Dickens A-Z. 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